The rotator cuff comprises of a set of four muscles that serve to stabilize the shoulder, including the Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis. They connect the scapula to the humerus. In a rotator cuff tear, the tendons of these muscles become torn where they attach onto the humerus bone, due to impact, or excessive stress on the shoulder, leading to pain and limited mobility of the region.

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Dr. Burns: Looking at the most common shoulder injuries again, I break it down by based on age, if we’re talking under the age of 30, or 35. The most common shoulder injuries are either shoulder instability like dislocations, or AC joint problems with your collarbone hits your acromion and biceps problems that your biceps tendon goes up the front of your shoulder and that can lead to shoulder pain in younger people. As we get older, most common things are a rotator cuff pathology. And then as you get even older than that, maybe in the late 50s, early 60s, you started seeing more osteoarthritis where the joint is starting to degrade and the joint surfaces are causing more pain themselves.

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In this video I share 5 easy Physical Therapy tests to identify whether your rotator cuff is compromised or torn. For the 10 exercises I recommend for non-surgical rotator cuff rehab, check out this video: https://youtu.be/70UxCj6AoPo

0:00 Intro
0:44 Empty Can Test
1:24 Drop Arm Test
1:55 Lag Sign
2:24 Infraspinatus Test
2:50 Lift Off Test

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Empty Can Test
This test targets one of the rotator cuff muscles that most commonly tears at the tendon: the supraspinatus.

To perform the empty can test, fully extend your bad arm and raise it to shoulder height, slightly outward from your body.

Turn your hand downward, as if you are emptying a can or glass. Your palm should be open and your thumb pointing to the floor.

Next, using your other arm, press down on your raised arm at the elbow. Try to resist the motion. If someone is nearby, you could ask them to press down on your arm for you.

As you try to resist the pressure, pay attention to any pain or weakness you perceive in your arm, especially compared to your other arm. Pain or weakness may indicate a torn or compromised supraspinatus tendon.

Drop Arm Test
A rotator cuff tear will make it difficult for you to control your arm as it lowers, especially if any one of the 4 stabilizers of the rotator cuff are compromised.

To perform the drop arm test, simply raise your arm overhead in an arc, with as much range as possible. Now reverse the arc and lower your arm slowly, without assistance. If you cannot control the motion or if your arm drops suddenly, your rotator cuff might be compromised by a severe strain or tear at the supraspinatus tendon.

Lag Sign Test
While standing or sitting upright, bend your bad arm at the elbow to 90 degrees.

Using assistance from a friend or your opposite arm, rotate your arm away from your body slightly, as if you’re going to throw a ball. Now remove any assistance and try to maintain this position. If your arm drops or moves, you have a positive lag sign and your supraspinatus, infraspinatus, or teres minor tendon may be compromised or torn.

4. Infraspinatus Test
Your rotator cuff comprises 3 external rotators, one of which is the infraspinatus. To isolate this muscle, make a loose fist and bend your bad arm at the elbow, so that your forearm is at 90º and the top of your knuckles faces forward. Keeping the elbow tight to your waist, apply pressure inward on your bad arm and try to resist it. If you feel pain or weakness or are unable to hold the position, there’s a good chance you have a compromised or torn infraspinatus.

5. Lift-Off Test
This test can help identify a tear or compromise in the subscapularis tendon, which moves the shoulder into internal rotation. To perform the test, place the back of your hand against the center of your low back. Now try lifting your hand off your back. If you’re unable to do so without pain or weakness (or at all), this could indicate a subscapularis compromise or tear.

The content found on this channel and any affiliated websites are not considered medical or financial advice. The information presented is for general education and entertainment purposes only. If you need medical attention, seek care from your physician or physical therapist. You agree to indemnify and hold harmless PTProgress, its employees, officers, and independent contractors for any and all injuries, losses, or damages resulting from any claims that arise from misuse of the content presented on this channel or associated websites. Some of the links above may be affiliate links, which help support the channel but does not cost you anything.

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